Currently, public blockchains primarily adopt PoW (Proof of Work) and PoS (Proof of Stake) consensus mechanisms. The consensus mechanism of PoW is achieved through successful mining by a miner, followed by other miners who similarly perform PoW computations for their blocks. PoS, on the other hand, usually adopts a BFT-style consensus mechanism, achieving consensus by relying on more than a certain number (e.g. two-thirds) of Validators to vote consistently on a block. A PoS public chain that requires consensus from validators usually prevents attacks from malicious nodes by using a built-in validator, in which the number of nodes is relatively small. For example, some public chains use 21 validator nodes and others only use 5 to 7. This is contrary to the decentralized spirit of blockchain and is easy to reach the fault point where one-third of the validators do not agree and consensus cannot be achieved.